\(\newcommand{\footnotename}{footnote}\)
\(\def \LWRfootnote {1}\)
\(\newcommand {\footnote }[2][\LWRfootnote ]{{}^{\mathrm {#1}}}\)
\(\newcommand {\footnotemark }[1][\LWRfootnote ]{{}^{\mathrm {#1}}}\)
\(\let \LWRorighspace \hspace \)
\(\renewcommand {\hspace }{\ifstar \LWRorighspace \LWRorighspace }\)
\(\newcommand {\TextOrMath }[2]{#2}\)
\(\newcommand {\mathnormal }[1]{{#1}}\)
\(\newcommand \ensuremath [1]{#1}\)
\(\newcommand {\LWRframebox }[2][]{\fbox {#2}} \newcommand {\framebox }[1][]{\LWRframebox } \)
\(\newcommand {\setlength }[2]{}\)
\(\newcommand {\addtolength }[2]{}\)
\(\newcommand {\setcounter }[2]{}\)
\(\newcommand {\addtocounter }[2]{}\)
\(\newcommand {\arabic }[1]{}\)
\(\newcommand {\number }[1]{}\)
\(\newcommand {\noalign }[1]{\text {#1}\notag \\}\)
\(\newcommand {\cline }[1]{}\)
\(\newcommand {\directlua }[1]{\text {(directlua)}}\)
\(\newcommand {\luatexdirectlua }[1]{\text {(directlua)}}\)
\(\newcommand {\protect }{}\)
\(\def \LWRabsorbnumber #1 {}\)
\(\def \LWRabsorbquotenumber "#1 {}\)
\(\newcommand {\LWRabsorboption }[1][]{}\)
\(\newcommand {\LWRabsorbtwooptions }[1][]{\LWRabsorboption }\)
\(\def \mathchar {\ifnextchar "\LWRabsorbquotenumber \LWRabsorbnumber }\)
\(\def \mathcode #1={\mathchar }\)
\(\let \delcode \mathcode \)
\(\let \delimiter \mathchar \)
\(\def \oe {\unicode {x0153}}\)
\(\def \OE {\unicode {x0152}}\)
\(\def \ae {\unicode {x00E6}}\)
\(\def \AE {\unicode {x00C6}}\)
\(\def \aa {\unicode {x00E5}}\)
\(\def \AA {\unicode {x00C5}}\)
\(\def \o {\unicode {x00F8}}\)
\(\def \O {\unicode {x00D8}}\)
\(\def \l {\unicode {x0142}}\)
\(\def \L {\unicode {x0141}}\)
\(\def \ss {\unicode {x00DF}}\)
\(\def \SS {\unicode {x1E9E}}\)
\(\def \dag {\unicode {x2020}}\)
\(\def \ddag {\unicode {x2021}}\)
\(\def \P {\unicode {x00B6}}\)
\(\def \copyright {\unicode {x00A9}}\)
\(\def \pounds {\unicode {x00A3}}\)
\(\let \LWRref \ref \)
\(\renewcommand {\ref }{\ifstar \LWRref \LWRref }\)
\( \newcommand {\multicolumn }[3]{#3}\)
\(\require {textcomp}\)
\(\newcommand {\intertext }[1]{\text {#1}\notag \\}\)
\(\let \Hat \hat \)
\(\let \Check \check \)
\(\let \Tilde \tilde \)
\(\let \Acute \acute \)
\(\let \Grave \grave \)
\(\let \Dot \dot \)
\(\let \Ddot \ddot \)
\(\let \Breve \breve \)
\(\let \Bar \bar \)
\(\let \Vec \vec \)
\(\require {upgreek}\)
\(\require {cancel}\)
\(\newcommand {\LWRsubmultirow }[2][]{#2}\)
\(\newcommand {\LWRmultirow }[2][]{\LWRsubmultirow }\)
\(\newcommand {\multirow }[2][]{\LWRmultirow }\)
\(\newcommand {\mrowcell }{}\)
\(\newcommand {\mcolrowcell }{}\)
\(\newcommand {\STneed }[1]{}\)
\(\def \ud {\mathrm {d}}\)
\(\def \ui {\mathrm {i}}\)
\(\def \uj {\mathrm {j}}\)
\(\def \uh {\mathrm {h}}\)
\(\newcommand {\R }{\mathbb {R}}\)
\(\newcommand {\N }{\mathbb {N}}\)
\(\newcommand {\C }{\mathbb {C}}\)
\(\newcommand {\Z }{\mathbb {Z}}\)
\(\newcommand {\CP }{\mathbb {C}P}\)
\(\newcommand {\RP }{\mathbb {R}P}\)
\(\def \bk {\vec {k}}\)
\(\def \bm {\vec {m}}\)
\(\def \bn {\vec {n}}\)
\(\def \be {\vec {e}}\)
\(\def \bE {\vec {E}}\)
\(\def \bx {\vec {x}}\)
\(\def \uL {\mathrm {L}}\)
\(\def \uU {\mathrm {U}}\)
\(\def \uW {\mathrm {W}}\)
\(\def \uE {\mathrm {E}}\)
\(\def \uT {\mathrm {T}}\)
\(\def \uV {\mathrm {V}}\)
\(\def \uM {\mathrm {M}}\)
\(\def \uH {\mathrm {H}}\)
\(\DeclareMathOperator {\sech }{sech}\)
\(\DeclareMathOperator {\csch }{csch}\)
\(\DeclareMathOperator {\arcsec }{arcsec}\)
\(\DeclareMathOperator {\arccot }{arcCot}\)
\(\DeclareMathOperator {\arccsc }{arcCsc}\)
\(\DeclareMathOperator {\arccosh }{arcCosh}\)
\(\DeclareMathOperator {\arcsinh }{arcsinh}\)
\(\DeclareMathOperator {\arctanh }{arctanh}\)
\(\DeclareMathOperator {\arcsech }{arcsech}\)
\(\DeclareMathOperator {\arccsch }{arcCsch}\)
\(\DeclareMathOperator {\arccoth }{arcCoth}\)
\(\def \re {\textup {Re}}\)
\(\def \im {\textup {Im}}\)
\(\newcommand {\up }{\uppi }\)
\(\newcommand {\ut }{\uptheta }\)
\(\newcommand {\uw }{\upomega }\)
\(\newcommand {\uph }{\upphi }\)
\(\newcommand {\uvph }{\upvarphi }\)
STM0005 Physics: Lecture Notes
Calum Ross
Last modified: Friday 1st August, 2025